tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-50302655482240484382024-03-13T18:49:05.538-07:00physics ! oh physics !we love physicshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16472344509446417910noreply@blogger.comBlogger3125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5030265548224048438.post-76101035325215499732011-09-27T13:47:00.000-07:002011-09-27T13:47:32.766-07:00KINEMATICS !! :)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNedFr4He9og8lvi_uaxkMa8-UDlF0G5jKMt1xb3eiW8HOhE7ciwLptXDrT_WuO24HiXQDdnUD8TJw5GUTrGBCg7UdF6GC4hONRNM5LDq737tNXuQ4RApYRqRZFODNVGV-sdfyYrSrhak/s1600/kinematics.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="148" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNedFr4He9og8lvi_uaxkMa8-UDlF0G5jKMt1xb3eiW8HOhE7ciwLptXDrT_WuO24HiXQDdnUD8TJw5GUTrGBCg7UdF6GC4hONRNM5LDq737tNXuQ4RApYRqRZFODNVGV-sdfyYrSrhak/s320/kinematics.jpg" width="176" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: lime;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;">Its all about kinematics when we start "beng0ng2" after study vector </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: white;">:p</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;"> .. s0 , let me introduce about kinematics in physics .. d0nt be tEnsi0n okEh evEn my english is br0ken .. hihihi .. </span></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: lime;"><br />
</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: lime;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;">okeh guys ! as you all kn0w , physics is a simple thing that hard t0 understand .. right ?? if wr0ng , just keep silent .. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: white;">:)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;"> .. kinematics is one branch of physics ..</span></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: lime;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: lime;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;">Kinematics is the </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: white;">study of how things move</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;"> .. its just a simple things okeh ? s0 , keEp rElax yaww </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: white;">:p </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;">.. in this t0pic , we will learn about displacement , velocity , acceleration , some equation and many lagii lah ..</span></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: lime;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span></b></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX2CK-1ngc8tbODZMUBuYpkGIL3xpqlmJy9_JnODTrULjH2FyX6t5Ro-lximuZqF8XAVwfNe8GV94_YaRYgPP44MqOh1NegBC9NEzHLf_bArCTLNhYgweYJTd7rrwiSed-jYvX1EIJ2NU/s1600/mlanc0ng.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="277" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX2CK-1ngc8tbODZMUBuYpkGIL3xpqlmJy9_JnODTrULjH2FyX6t5Ro-lximuZqF8XAVwfNe8GV94_YaRYgPP44MqOh1NegBC9NEzHLf_bArCTLNhYgweYJTd7rrwiSed-jYvX1EIJ2NU/s400/mlanc0ng.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: lime;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;">Displacement is </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: white;">the change on the initial and final positions of the moving object</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;"> .. </span></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: lime;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: lime;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: lime;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: lime;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: lime;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: lime;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: lime;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: lime;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span></b></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEik5ikC_7iJ8SsACF11EBGMisbiHO1RPE-PGOyplDNPT-mTtpy3S7si4RJxvlO5e4vxCRyQsxEMV13OuBst0mYywaojcpHnNKtBZPf3qjHinfg4lk2kyYuajm1oa8D8NW9Nmjoyi3fn2qE/s1600/disp.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEik5ikC_7iJ8SsACF11EBGMisbiHO1RPE-PGOyplDNPT-mTtpy3S7si4RJxvlO5e4vxCRyQsxEMV13OuBst0mYywaojcpHnNKtBZPf3qjHinfg4lk2kyYuajm1oa8D8NW9Nmjoyi3fn2qE/s320/disp.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: lime;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;">displacement is a </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: white;">vector having magnitude equal to the least distance between the initial and final positions</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;"> , and </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: white;">the same direction with the motion</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;"> .. understand ?? (i pun xfham </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;">) </span></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: lime;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;">okeh ! look at the picture .. distance from A to C is trough the B .. but!! displacement from A to C , its n0t get trough the B .. just straight to C .. s0 , displacement from A to C is more close than distance from A to C .. :p .. </span></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: lime;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span></b></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGIDEMb_3vE9UgbqTHDl4fo_jo9vk2vKKjjWX2GQZvL3iR2aZlAd_Uq8Vg7kZksIzthUlbViXFqAchxuG9mG0i0Qju8Yq4iF9Wq9oFDcMefIv4Gmi0AI5BfdUKSv_6vwtTmGZHMNwtEq4/s1600/graph.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGIDEMb_3vE9UgbqTHDl4fo_jo9vk2vKKjjWX2GQZvL3iR2aZlAd_Uq8Vg7kZksIzthUlbViXFqAchxuG9mG0i0Qju8Yq4iF9Wq9oFDcMefIv4Gmi0AI5BfdUKSv_6vwtTmGZHMNwtEq4/s1600/graph.jpg" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: lime;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;">this is the example of graph of displacement .. </span></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: lime;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: lime;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: lime;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: lime;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: lime;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: lime;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: lime;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: lime;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span></b></span><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: lime; color: magenta; font-size: large;">here .. i give you a video about </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #38761d; color: white; font-size: x-large;">distance vs displacement</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: lime; color: magenta; font-size: large;"> .. Enj0y !! :))</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: lime; color: magenta; font-size: large;"><br />
</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: lime; color: magenta; font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lha8SgQ_4fE&feature=player_detailpage">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lha8SgQ_4fE&feature=player_detailpage</a> ..<br />
</span></b><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"><b><br />
</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"><b><br />
</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"><b><br />
</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><b>fr0m wE,0ursElf and us ! </b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: lime;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: lime;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span></b></span>we love physicshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16472344509446417910noreply@blogger.com0Beaufort, Sabah, Malaysia5.347493 115.727312200000035.125413 115.46527670000003 5.569573 115.98934770000002tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5030265548224048438.post-86129262004178994932011-07-10T03:57:00.000-07:002011-09-22T11:02:18.844-07:00VECTOR :)<h2 style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #617f10; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 24px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">1.3.1 Distinguish between vector and scalar quantities, and give examples of each.</span></h2><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">When expressing a quantity we give it a number and a unit (for example, 12 kg), this expresses the magnitude of the quantity. Some quantities also have direction, a quantity that has both a magnitude and direction is called a vector. On the other hand, a quantity that has only a magnitude is called a scalar quantity. Vectors are represented in print as bold and italicised characters (for example <b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">F<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">). </span></span></i></b>Below is a table listing some vector and scalar quantities:</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #555555; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 400px;"><caption style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Table 1.3.1 - Vector and scalar quantities</span></caption><tbody style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<tr style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px;"><b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Scalars</span></b></td><td style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px;"><b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Vectors</span></b></td></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Speed</span></td><td style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Velocity</span></td></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Temperature</span></td><td style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Acceleration</span></td></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Distance</span></td><td style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Displacement</span></td></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Area</span></td><td style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Force</span></td></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Entropy</span></td><td style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Momentum</span></td></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Volume</span></td><td style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Drag</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Note that some quantities appear to be the same, such as velocity and speed, both representing distance over time, the difference is that velocity has a direction whilst speed does not.</span></div><h2 style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #617f10; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 24px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">1.3.2 Determine the sum or difference of two vectors by a graphical method.</span></h2><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"><b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">The difference of two vectors<br style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">When adding vectors, we need to take both the magnitude and direction into account. Often, we will have situations where two vectors have opposite directions, in this case, we simply subtract the smallest magnitude from the largest one. This is demonstrated in figure 1.3.1 below:</span></span></b></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px; text-align: center;"><img alt="Resultant for of two opposing vectors" src="http://www.ibguides.com/images/physics/1.3.1-difference-of-vectors.png" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; height: 240px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 392px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Figure 1.3.1 - Resultant force of two opposing vectors</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"><b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">The sum of two vectors<br style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Sometimes we will have situations where two forces are acting in the same direction. In the situations we simply add together the magnitudes of both vectors. This is demonstrated in figure 1.3.2 below:</span></span></b></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px; text-align: center;"><img alt="The sum of two vectors" src="http://www.ibguides.com/images/physics/1.3.2-sum-of-vectors.png" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; height: 227px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 424px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Figure 1.3.2 - Resultant force of two concurrent vectors</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Adjacent vectors</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">In certain situations, we will need to work out the angle between two adjacent vectors. In order to do this graphically we draw a scale diagram with the tail of one vector at the head of the other, we then draw a line connecting the other head and tail. To get the magnitude of the new vector, we simply measure it. This is demonstrated in the diagram below:</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px; text-align: center;"><img alt="The graphical method of obtaining a resultant force between two adjacent vectors" src="http://www.ibguides.com/images/physics/1.3.3-complex-vector-addition-graphical.png" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Figure 1.3.3 - Graphical method of solving adjacent vectors</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Alternatively, we can use trigonometry for a faster and more accurate result. This is demonstrated in figure 1.3.4 below:</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px; text-align: center;"><img alt="Trigonometric way of working out adjacent vectors" src="http://www.ibguides.com/images/physics/1.3.4-complex-vector-addition-trig.png" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Figure 1.3.4 - Trigonometric method of solving adjacent vectors</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"><b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Scalar multiplication<br style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">We can also multiply (and divide) vectors by scalars. When doing so we follow a set of rules:</span></span></b></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div><ul style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 25px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Multiplying by 1 does not change a vector 1 <b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">v </i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> = </span><i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">v</i></b></span></li>
<li style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Multiplying by 0 gives the null vector 0 <b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">v </i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> = 0</span></b></span></li>
<li style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Multiplying by -1 gives the additive inverse -1 <b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">v </i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">= -</span><i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">v</i></b></span></li>
<li style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Left distributivity: (<i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">c</i> + <i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">d</i>)<i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">v</b></i> = <i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">c<b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">v</b></i> + <i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">d<b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">v</b></i></span></li>
<li style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Right distributivity: <i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">c</i>(<i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">v</b></i> + <i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">w</b></i>) = <i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">c<b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">v</b></i> + <i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">c<b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">w</b></i></span></li>
<li style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Associativity: (<i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">cd</i>)<i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">v</b></i> = <i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">c</i>(<i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">d<b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">v</b></i>)</span></li>
</ul><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Scalar multiplication is demonstrated in figure 1.3.5 below:</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px; text-align: center;"><img alt="Scalar multiplication of vectors" src="http://www.ibguides.com/images/physics/1.3.5-scalar-multiplication.png" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Figure 1.3.5 - Scalar multiplication and division of vectors</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div><h2 style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #617f10; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 24px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">1.3.3 Resolve vectors into perpendicular components along chosen axes.</span></h2><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">When working with adjacent vectors that do not form a 90° angle, it is often useful to brake certain vectors into component vectors so that they are concurrent with the other vectors. To do this, we draw two vectors, one horizontal and the other vertical to our plane of reference. We then use trigonometry to work out the magnitude of each new vector and figure out the resulting force. This is shown in figure 1.3.6 and 1.3.7:</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Figure 1.3.6 shows a diagram of the forces acting on a block being pushed along a smooth surface:</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px; text-align: center;"><img alt="Diagram of forces acting on a block" src="http://www.ibguides.com/images/physics/1.3.6-forces-on-a-block.png" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; height: 234px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 476px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Figure 1.3.6 - Forces acting on a block</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Figure 1.3.7 shows the same diagram but with the surface and pushing forces broken down into their components:</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px; text-align: center;"><img alt="Forces acting on a block broken into their components" height="141" src="http://www.ibguides.com/images/physics/1.3.7-components-on-a-block.png" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" width="400" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Figure 1.3.7 - Forces acting on a block broken into their components</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Sometimes the plane of reference will not be parallel to the page, such and example is shown in figure 1.3.8 below:</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px; text-align: center;"><img alt="A block on a slope with vectors broken down into component vectors" height="200" src="http://www.ibguides.com/images/physics/1.3.8-block-on-a-slope.png" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" width="400" /></div><div><table cellspacing="0" id="guides" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, 'bitstream vera sans', sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><tbody style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<tr style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td class="content" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" valign="top" width="700"><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px; text-align: center;">Figure 1.3.8 - Component forces of a block on a slope</div></td></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div>we love physicshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16472344509446417910noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5030265548224048438.post-12753359371319284382011-07-10T00:08:00.000-07:002011-07-10T20:57:51.005-07:00Definition of Physics<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"></span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><b style="line-height: 1.5em;">Physics</b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.5em;"> (from </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none;" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.5em;">: </span><span lang="grc" style="line-height: 1.5em;" xml:lang="grc">φύσις</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.5em;"> </span><span lang="grc-Latn" style="line-height: 1.5em;" xml:lang="grc-Latn"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physis" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Physis">physis</a></i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.5em;"> "nature") is a </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_science" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none;" title="Natural science">natural science</a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.5em;"> that involves the study of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matter" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none;" title="Matter">matter</a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.5em;">and its </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_(physics)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none;" title="Motion (physics)">motion</a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.5em;"> through </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacetime" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none;" title="Spacetime">spacetime</a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.5em;">, along with related concepts such as </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none;" title="Energy">energy</a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.5em;"> and </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none;" title="Force">force</a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.5em;">. More broadly, it is the general analysis of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none;" title="Nature">nature</a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.5em;">, conducted in order to understand how the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universe" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none;" title="Universe">universe</a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.5em;"> behaves.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1em;"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"></sup></span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.5em;">Physics is one of the oldest <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_discipline" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Academic discipline">academic disciplines</a>, perhaps the oldest through its inclusion of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>. Over the last two millennia, physics was a part of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_philosophy" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Natural philosophy">natural philosophy</a> along with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>, certain branches of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Biology">biology</a>, but during the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_Revolution" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Scientific Revolution">Scientific Revolution</a> in the 16th century, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_science" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Natural science">natural sciences</a> emerged as unique research programs in their own right.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.5em;">Certain research areas are </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interdisciplinary" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none;" title="Interdisciplinary">interdisciplinary</a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.5em;">, such as </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biophysics" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none;" title="Biophysics">biophysics</a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.5em;"> and </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_chemistry" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none;" title="Quantum chemistry">quantum chemistry</a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.5em;">, which means that the boundaries of physics are not </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demarcation_problem" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none;" title="Demarcation problem">rigidly defined</a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.5em;">. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicalism" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none;" title="Physicalism">physicalism</a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.5em;"> emerged as a major unifying feature of the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_science" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none;" title="Philosophy of science">philosophy of science</a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.5em;"> as physics provides fundamental explanations for every </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observation" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none;" title="Observation">observed</a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.5em;"> natural </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenomenon" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none;" title="Phenomenon">phenomenon</a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.5em;">. New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms of other sciences, while opening to new research areas in mathematics and philosophy.</span></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Physics is also significant and influential through advances in its understanding that have translated into new <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Technology">technologies</a>. For example, advances in the understanding of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Electromagnetism">electromagnetism</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_physics" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Nuclear physics">nuclear physics</a> led directly to the development of new products which have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Television">television</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Computer">computers</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_appliance" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Domestic appliance">domestic appliances</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapons</a>; advances in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamics" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Thermodynamics">thermodynamics</a> led to the development of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrialization" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Industrialization">industrialization</a>; and advances in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanics" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Mechanics">mechanics</a> inspired the development of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Calculus">calculus</a>.</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhufTJ8Wb2tilFIendup5g5joiwgJ40kdsAHjZMkQ9S9zROyRgpM8O2Pk-YbNKn5UNL2rCuU7TRZDRlLkKFvjiMfhhyphenhyphenD4Us4aMYi2Of7ZEot9FgwYe_ajJ61DlT4Qq_LHc6ywC22Ocbeg0/s1600/physics.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="324" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhufTJ8Wb2tilFIendup5g5joiwgJ40kdsAHjZMkQ9S9zROyRgpM8O2Pk-YbNKn5UNL2rCuU7TRZDRlLkKFvjiMfhhyphenhyphenD4Us4aMYi2Of7ZEot9FgwYe_ajJ61DlT4Qq_LHc6ywC22Ocbeg0/s400/physics.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div>we love physicshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16472344509446417910noreply@blogger.com0